How to Finalize Balance Sheet & Analysis of Balance Sheet. A balance sheet is a summary of a business's finical health on any given day. It shows a company's assets, liabilities, and equity accounts. In this article, you can find some basic details for How to Finalize the Balance Sheet and Analysis of the Balance Sheet.
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Steps for making & Finalizing a Balance Sheet:
- Determine the date of the balance sheet: The balance sheet is created to show the assets, liabilities, and equity of a company on a specific day of the year. Hence, it is necessary to decide that date.
- Divide into two heads: Assets & Liabilities.
- Calculating Your Assets: Assets are anything of value which is owned by the company.
- Classify them into Current & Non Current Assets.
- Current assets include cash, stocks and bonds, accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid expenses and anything else that can be converted into cash within one year or during the normal course of business
- Fixed Assets are also known as Long-term assets. Fixed assets are the assets that produce revenues. They are distinguished from current assets by their longevity. They are not for resale.
- Compute the Total Assets.
- Calculating Your Liabilities: There are two types of liabilities: current liabilities and long-term liabilities.
- Current liabilities are accounts payable, accrued expenses (such as wages and
salaries), taxes payable, etc. which are required to be ordinarily paid in the near future. - Long-term liabilities may include financing from relatives, banks, finance companies or others.
- Compute Total Liabilities.
- The formula that defines the balance sheet: Assets = Liabilities + Net Worth.
- Net worth is what is left over after liabilities have been subtracted from the assets of the business. It indicates the capital existing on a particular date.
- After completing the above steps, the total of both the sides, that is, the debit & credit sides should be calculated and it must be the same.
Analyzing a Balance Sheet through various ratios:
- We can calculate some financial ratios that will help us to easily analyze the balance sheet.
- Let us have a look on few such ratios/calculations:
i) Quick Ratio:
ii) Current Ratio:
Current Ratio = Current Assets/ Current Liabilities It is used to determine the company’s position with regards to its ability to repay its short term liabilities.iii) Debt / Equity Ratios:
- Short Term Debt to Equity Ratio = Short Term Debt/ Shareholders Equity
- Long Term Debt to Equity Ratio = Long Term Debt/ Shareholders Equity
- Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities/ Shareholders Equity
iv) Turnover Ratios:
Debtors Turnover Ratio = Turnover / Average Debtorsv) Capital Structure Ratios:
- Total Liabilities to Total Assets = Total Liabilities/ Total Assets
- Short Term Debt to Total Debt = Short Term Debt/ Total Debt
- Long Term Debt to Total Debt = Long Term Debt/ Total Debt