Difference Between Executive Director & Independent Director

Last Updated : September 18, 2023

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Difference Between Executive Director and Independent Director: The company is an artificial person and is managed by the human beings. The human who runs it are known as the Board of Directors. Directors acting collectively are known as Board. The directors play a very important role in the day-to-day functioning of the company. It is the board, who is responsible of the company’s overall performance.

To attain the objectives prescribed in the Memorandum of Association of the company, the company depends on Board of Directors (collectively) and directors (individually). Directors of a Company are its eyes, ears, brain, hands and other essential limbs.

Independent Director

The Cadbury Committee in 1992, which itself was set up following the corporate scandals involving BCCI, Poly Peck and Maxwell, provided respectability to the concept of independent directors, by focusing on independent directors as a part of the new practices for better governance. Independent directors function as an oversight body in monitoring the performance and should raise red flags whenever suspicion occurs. They are expected to be more aware and question the company on relevant issues in their position as trustees of stakeholders.

The institution of independent directors is a critical instrument for ensuring good corporate governance and it is necessary that the functioning of the institution is critically analysed and proper safeguards are made to ensure efficacy.

Companies Act 2013 mandates appointment of independent directors by listed companies and other classes of companies. It also prescribes other aspects such as maximum tenure of independent directors, separate meetings of independent directors, tenure, their qualifications, liability, appointment, remuneration, etc. The Central Government has exempted section 8 companies from the requirement of appointment of Independent Director.

Executive Director

An executive director holds a position on the executive board. They have “executive responsibility” for running the company’s business. They will typically be elected by employees and shareholders and might be an employee, officer or stakeholder in the company. Other directors may be representatives of, for example, an institutional investor or a union.

Difference Between Executive Director and Independent Director

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR	INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
This is an employee of company	This is not an employee of company
ESOPs can be granted to such director	ESOPs cannot be granted to such director
They are liable to retire by rotation	They are not liable to retire by rotation
They are appointed for one year and can be reappointed	They can be appointed for 5 years at a time and can serve 2 consecutive terms.
They cannot become chairman of various committees of board	Chairman of committees of board has to be independent director
They can have monetary relationship with the company	They cannot have any monetary relationship with the company
No Need to hold a separate meeting of executive directors only	At least one meeting must be held of Independent directors only
No minimum number of executive directors required to be appointed	Listed: 1/3rd of total director must be independent directors Unlisted: at least 2 directors should be independent directors
Every Company is required to appoint executive directors	Only companies fulfilling certain parameters are required to appoint independent directors

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